themes, which would undo the work of the authors of JE who may have fused them initially. 12:1. spoke against. Idiomatic dibbēr b-, which occurs again in v 8, below, connotes actual rebellion or advocacy of the same. Thus the people “speak against” God in Num 21:5–7. For the idiom itself, see Ps 50:20; Job 19:18; and Ps 78:19 for an echo of this very episode. And yet it is likely that in this chapter a play on the ambiguity of dibbēr b- was intended.
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